Emotion-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy - 2866 Words

Epstein and Baucom define positive and negative affect in ECBT by breaking them down into categories based on emotional state, activation level, and interpersonal/intrapersonal focus, emphasizing the link between emotions, cognitions and behaviors. Positive emotions are described as having five broad categories, including (1) happy-joyful, (2) close-warm, (3) energy-vigor, and (4) relaxed-calm, with the first two being related to emotional state and the latter two being related to activation level. Additional positive emotions, such as ambitious and inspired fall into an â€Å"other† category. Negative affect is described as having four main categories, including (1) depressed-sad, anxiety, anger, (2) contempt, (3) sense of fatigue, and (4) other or combinations of negative emotions (e.g., jealousy, guilt, shame). 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Does your age affect the care you revive in hospitals Free Essays

string(310) " lead to the child not trusting the doctor and nurse to the condition or injury that they have, this could then potentially put the child’s life in danger of them deteriorating rapidly and it then becomes life threaten Adult medicine is the branch of medicine that deals with people over the age of sixteen\." Abstract. There is a vast amount of information that is available to study about the subject of care between adults and children. I intend to investigate some of this research using both primary and secondary sources. We will write a custom essay sample on Does your age affect the care you revive in hospitals? or any similar topic only for you Order Now The primary and secondary sources I will be using will be a questionnaire and for my secondary research I will be using other information provided by other people either on the internet or in health and social care books. My aim of my project was to find out if â€Å"Does your age affect the way you receive care in hospitals†; to examine any evidence that could suggest that there are some reasons why your age is affected by the treatment you are given while staying in hospital. Whilst looking and categorization the evidence that I have found about care and hospitals over the years. During my project I explore how it can also affect the patients, carers and their families. I will be looking at the different types of questions that I could possibility answer in again relating back to my question. The project concludes that your age sometimes affect the care you receive in hospitals. The consequences for the future generation could be affected by care in hospitals. Additionally in respective to whether the arguments are relevant to the research that I have included in my taken as a whole project. Introduction. When we talk about age what do we meanI am researching on whether the age of society affects the way you as an individual are treated and cared for in hospitals. I have done a choice of project questions that I would like to find before I started to write up my entire project; ‘which is does your age affect the care you receive in hospitals’. I spent some time looking up and researching my learning outcomes that are in relation to what I want to find out. To find out if your age does affect care expectations of the care you receive in hospitals. The difference between adult and paediatric care Where are patients cared for How does it affect the patient itself What expectations patients should expect Attitudes to family life after hospital treatments. I included some points such as â€Å"how does hospital care effect the family?† this shows not only is this project focused on age effecting the treatment received in hospitals and care ,but it also looks how the family’s are affected. An example of this would be; a 70 year old woman denied hospital care because she is 70 and some procedures may be considered too much of a risk to her life, the family would feel that she was fine for the procedures because of their concern to their grandmother/mother, neglecting to realise the real risk. Family members would feel that she should receive the best care the hospital can offer, and denying her right to life, are the hospitals then committing manslaughterAnd being ageist? Points such as these are included throughout the discussion, and I will debate both sides of the argument, to gain a better understanding of how the care system works for elderly and the young patients and how it affect their families and family life Literature review. There is a vast amount of information that is available to study about the subject of care between adults and children. I intend to investigate some of this research using both primary and secondary sources. What is age? Age is a period of the human life, measured by years from birth, usually marked by a certain stage or degree of mental or physical development and involving legal responsibility and capacity: the age of discretion. http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/age What is the difference between adult and Paediatric care? My own view on what I think the difference between adult and paediatric medicine is that paediatrics’ is classed as children under age of sixteen; and you then become a young adult at the age of 16. The quote below supports my own definition on what I think the difference between paediatric and adult care. â€Å"Paediatric is the branch of medicine that deals with the medical care of infants, children and adolescences† The difference between adult and paediatric care is firstly the obvious body size difference; the smaller body of an infant or neonate is substantially different physiologically from that of an adult. This is an explanation by the university of essays to show the different between the cares children receive compared to adults. Another major difference between paediatric medicine and adult medicine is that children are minors and or are in the jurisdictions and can’t make decisions by themselves. Likewise paediatric medicine is used to treat the parents and sometimes the family rather just the child this is because. . Adolescences are in there own legal class. (Adolescences start from the point of view of biological development, a span of time starting with puberty and concluding with maturity. Chronologically, this is usually from about 12 or 13 to 18 or 19 years of age. (Consequently, there are the informal terms teenage years and teenager.) Some authorities suggest that adolescence ends for females at about the age of 21 and for males at about the age of 22) they have the right to accept or refuse treatment in circumstances, e.g. life or death situations. When a child is Ill you have to treat the child, just as you have to treat the mother or father this is because; when treating a child you have to do the following co-operate, have confidence, be relaxed and consent all these are to make sure that you do not make the situation worse that it could already be The child can pick signals up from the parent that there is something wrong and this could make the child worry even more and could make the child’s condition worse than it already is, this could then lead to the child not trusting the doctor and nurse to the condition or injury that they have, this could then potentially put the child’s life in danger of them deteriorating rapidly and it then becomes life threaten Adult medicine is the branch of medicine that deals with people over the age of sixteen. The quote below supports my comment, as it shows the basic points of what adult care is. â€Å"Adult day health care programs offer health services such as physician visits, nursing care, and podiatry, as well as rehabilitation services such as physical, occupational, and speech therapy in a secure environment.† There model of adult care is offered to people with variety medical conditions including the following: adults with Alzheimer’s disease, other forms of dementia, or depression persons recovering from stroke or head or spinal cord injuries people with chronic conditions such as diabetes or cardiovascular disease adults with developmental disabilities such as Down syndrome adults suffering from mental illnesses Weak or frail older adults requiring nursing care or assistance with daily living activities http://www.surgeryencyclopedia.com/A-Ce/Adult-Day-Care.html Clark, Chris L. Adult Day Services and Social Inclusion: Better Days. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers, 2001 Where are patients cared for? Planning and Providing Care This area reflects an evaluation of the planning and providing of care, treatment, and rehabilitation, and how the hospital sets care goals for each patient and selects qualified personnel to provide and evaluate the care. We do not directly evaluate the care provided to an individual patient. Rather, the standards require the hospital to monitor the results of care processes. Acute Hospital care- My definition of acute hospitals is, where there is a local accident and emergency department for all the members of the public that need help in a certain way. However on the other hand acute hospitals can provide other services; examples of this is consultants, nurses, dieticians, physiotherapists and a wide range of other professionals. My own definition is supported by the following reference they include: â€Å"Consultation with a specialist clinicians (consultants, nurses, dieticians, physiotherapists and a wide range of other professionals); emergency treatment following accidents; routine, complex and life saving surgery; specialist diagnostic procedures; and close observation and short-term care of patients with worrying health symptoms.† The quote shows me that there is all different health professionals that work along side of each other in the hospital to ensure that the patient has the because possible care that they need to ensure a speedy recovery. 14th December 2010 www.isdscotland.org/isd/3409.html General practioner– GP Care is a recognised provider of community based healthcare services including diagnostics, outpatient and ancillary services to NHS and private patients; Residential homes- Residential care in my eyes is where the elderly can no longer support themselves, so they move in to a home where they can be supported when they need to be. My reference from the website www.eastsussex.gov.uk/socialcare/†¦/care services/ residentialandnursinghomecare. To back up my quote on the elderly people moving in to residential care, â€Å"Residential care is for people who can no longer manage living in their own home, even with support from home care services. You can stay in residential care for a short time (known as respite care) or over a long period. You would stay in a comfortable furnished room with staff available 24 hours a day. Meals are provided along with other facilities such as hairdressing†. The quote I used showed that when staying in a Residential care homes are shown that the service user can have the rights and freedom to come and go as they please. A nursing home A nursing home in my eyes is where care 25 hours is given24 hours a day to seriously ill people who have not long left of there life due to ill health my reference from the website: answers.yahoo.com †º †¦ †º Community Service support and back my quote by saying â€Å"Provides skilled nursing care and rehabilitation services to people with illnesses, injuries or functional disabilities.Most facilities serve the elderly. However, some facilities provide services to younger individuals with special needs such as the developmentally disabled, mentally ill, and those requiring drug and alcohol rehabilitation. Nursing homes are generally stand alone facilities, but some are operated within a hospital or retirement community†. My quotes supports me on my definition on a nursing home shows it just does not accommodate the elderly when they are in need. Outpatients- Outpatient department’s are where if you have a medical problem or concern that needs to be sorted and for further treatment then your family GP will refer you. The reference I used to get my information on to back up my own quote is from www.dvh.nhs.uk †º Our services †º A to Z of services â€Å"The aim of the NHS service is to provide an efficient, skilled, safe and convenient service to patients and clinicians in a professional, caring and responsive manner and to facilitate the needs of all clinical specialties† so there fore that supports me because it is showing how affective the outpatients department works. This quote shows me that how health care professionals work in a specific way when dealing with members of the public when using the outpatients department. Does religion and age also affect the care you get in hospitals? So does a religion affect the care you get in hospitalsYes it does because if there is a young child or an elderly patient who is muslin who is admitted to hospital; the hospital then has to cater for all Muslim patients with the dietary requirements that they need. You will be asked which ethnic group you belong to. This information is collected to enable the hospital to ensure that the service provided meets the needs of our patients. My quote states that is backs up my personal quote about religion and age in hospitals. â€Å"It is important to bear in mind that some second generation Muslims will have an English meal; i.e. vegetables, fish, rice etc. but they will need to avoid pork and other impermissible foods. â€Å"It is important to be aware that even in the cooking process, any meat or meat products such as gelatin are avoided. The use of separate utensils when cooking or serving Halal and non -Halal food is essential† www.bradfordhospitals.nhs.uk/patients-and†¦/Muslims This quote also shows that some second generation Muslims do eat some English foods while they are having treatment as an impatient in hospitals. Muslim women who are receiving treatment in hospitals need to ensure that they are not treated by a male doctor as it is against their religion. At death Muslims like the body to be wrapped in one or two plain white sheets and the bed turned to face Mecca. Medical ethics: blood transfusions My term when it comes to Jehovah’s witnesses and medical ethic shows that they are not allowed blood full stop but the quote I researched and used shoed that they can have other medical interventions in the place of having a blood transfusion. â€Å"Jehovah’s Witnesses refuse blood transfusions, including antilogous transfusions in which a person has their own blood stored to be used later in a medical procedure; accepting a blood transfusion willingly and without regret is seen as a sin. The Witness concerned would no longer be regarded as one of Jehovah’s Witnesses† This refusal to accept blood makes supports my quote that it is showing if a Jehovah witnesses is taking some risks when having operations as it can be more dangerous and causes some doctors considerable anxiety. Witnesses are willing to absolve doctors of responsibility. Jehovah’s Witness Hospital Liaison Committees maintain lists of doctors who are prepared to be consulted with a view to treatment without the use of blood transfusion. This has eased many of the tensions related to the issue. . http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/witnesses/witnessethics/ethics_1.shtml How does hospital care affect the patient’s family and relatives? When relatives visit patients it can be very stressful and upsetting. People react in different ways e.g. people can become withdrawn from society and other people. However family members can also become very aggressive as the stress of visiting relatives in hospital is traumatising this could be because it is seeing other sick people in hospital as it make real. In my personal experience of how hospital care can affect relatives is when a close family member died, I became very withdrawn from my close family members, I.E my mum and dad. My source of this information comes from a friend who has gone through this experience How does it affect the patient itself? When patients go in to hospital at first thing they find is that it is overwhelming this has come from my personal experience. I found that the nurses on the ward that I was on; were less caring then they were in the old days. However in the modern day world of nursing; of all the qualities a nurse should possess, perhaps the most important is compassion. â€Å"Elderly people are being subjected to a catalogue of poor quality care and neglect on hospital wards† http:/news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/206270.stm The quote above states that along with my own words on writing about how hospital and your age do affect the patient itself. What is Medical treatment? Medical treatment is when a person is diagnosed with a medical condition and need specific medication and treatment to be able to help their condition and improve their lifestyle. I can back this up by knowing that medical has come from medicine. The definition of medical â€Å"Is requiring or amenable to treatment by medicine especially as opposed to surgery.† http://uk.ask.com/web?q=dictionary%3A+medicalcontent=wordnetuk%7C107713o=352l=dirsiteid=dm=ctry. The quote I comment and looked above is showing if there is any alternative to surgery; than opposing to have surgery and put the patient at risk of any complications. How does treatment affect a person’s health and wellbeing? Sometimes in treatment can make people feel worse initially and then with time they begin to feel the benefits of the treatment. Many people may find that after having treatment it can affect the health and wellbeing of an individual. Some of the side effects of having treatment are. Feeling tired, emotional with all the treatment they are having, it could affect your sexual activity with a partner, depression and anxiety, some of these symptoms can be totally normal for people who are receiving treatment. Some of the side effects of treatment can be; â€Å"Many people continue with their usual activities while having treatment, for example working between injections or cycles of tablets. However, most people do find that they are more tired than normal for the first few days after treatment. You may need to take life more slowly, working part-time or cutting down on social activities. Take care not to overtire yourself, get enough rest and accept offers of help with everyday tasks† Backing up my quote that I took in to consideration is showing that having treatment and age can affect your overall wellbeing on your personal self, and that having treatments can affect the way you are living your life at the present moment. What expectations patients should have? When patients are admitted to hospital for different reasons; they accept a standard of expectations from the hospital and nursing staff looking after them. I identified eight key aspects that, patients consider most important: †¢ Fast access to reliable health advice †¢ Effective treatment delivered by trusted professionals †¢ Involvement in decisions and respect for preferences †¢ Clear, comprehensible information and support for self-care †¢ Attention to physical and environmental needs †¢ Emotional support, empathy and respect †¢ Involvement of, and support for, family and carers †¢ Continuity of care and smooth transitions We are all citizens, with a right to appropriate health care, as well as other relevant right; the rights to family life, to privacy, and to see information about ourselves. As Citizens, we respond to questions of healthcare on the basis of its social and collective Impacts and the value. We are also all patients, or potential patients. As patients – having current or recent Contact with the healthcare system – we respond to questions of healthcare differently. The eight areas of importance that patients identify are related less to collective. Experience is more to the individual, personal experience of receiving treatment and Care. By contrast, as citizens we would be more likely to identify the most important Aspects of healthcare as being, for example: †¢ Affordability – free at the point of care †¢ Universality and equity †¢ Safety and quality †¢ Health protection, disease prevention As patients, we do not lose our citizen concerns at the door of the GP surgery or the Hospital, but we do prioritise our own interaction with the system and especially with the Health professionals who deliver our care. Policies on age consent in hospitals Before a doctor or any other kind of medical practitioner can treat you, they must have your consent. Although you can often be asked to sign a medical consent form, this is more to safeguard you. Backing up my definition above the quote is showing that in some situations consent for medical treatment on a minor is needed, this is because that something could potentially go wrong with the procedure that the minor is having. â€Å"Young people under the age of 16 can consent to medical treatment if they have sufficient maturity and judgement to enable them fully to understand what is proposed.† http://www.brook.org.uk/information/sex-and-the-law/consent-to-medical-treatment When it comes to the law on children and informed consent, English law assumes that you are an adult when it comes to medical treatment if the consultant treating you judges that you are capable and mature enough to make your own decisions. Therefore, there is no rigid age at which you are deemed capable of giving your consent or signing a medical consent form. Judgments about this will be determined by the consultant based on the nature of the procedure involved and whether or not they deem that the child in question is old enough to understand the treatment and any implications thoroughly to be able to give their legitimate informed consent. There are also different laws surrounding giving informed medical consent in the case of mentally ill people and those who are suffering from other illnesses in later life, those suffering from dementia, for example. Attitudes to family life after hospital care. Family life after being in hospitals can be hard; this is because when a family member is in hospital they have the support from the medical professions. But likewise when the family is discharged from hospital, the families are then left to deal the care themselves. â€Å"Some people said that having a relative or close friend critically ill in ICU had changed them as people, a few saying they were now more open about their feelings. Some felt they’d become more patient, others that they were less bothered by minor problems† Backing up my quote it is shown that many people deal with life and death situations in many ways; examples of this can be where they open up about their feelings, may be stop talking to people, and can’t sleep at night, find that they have experience their spiritual beliefs, which had helped them accept or understand what had happened.http://www.healthtalkonline.org/Intensive_care/Intensive_care__experiences_of_family__friends/Topic/1478/ Discussion. Care should always be given equally and fairly between patients in the hospital no matter their age, however what I’m going to discuss is whether age does in fact affect the quality of care received. In this discussion I am going to include the following points and argue if age really does matter or not. Firstly; what is the difference between adult and Paediatric care, how does hospital care affect the patient’s family and relatives, how does it affect the patient itself, what is Medical treatment, Members of hospital staff who are involved in the patient’s treatment and care and how does treatment affect a person’s health and wellbeing. The difference between adult and paediatric care is that Paediatric is the branch of medicine that deals with the medical care of infants, children and adolescences. The difference between adult and paediatric care is firstly the obvious body size difference; the smaller body of an infant or neonate is substantially different physiologically from that of an adult; however there are other opinions that the difference between adult and paediatric care is that adult care consists of people over the age of sixteen, on the other hand my opinion on paediatric care consists of children as young as new born to the age of 15 years of age, I am now going to give an example of why I think this. E.G. if a 16 year old female came into the local accident and emergency department after being hit by a car and need life saving treatment, and the hospital staff couldn’t get hold of her parents then there Is no one to give the doctors the consent that they need to save her life; so therefore doc tors will have to ask the 16 year old female as it could be a matter of life and death. This extract above relates back to my question by defining what the difference is between adults and paediatrics and this was the main priority to find out and summaries the differences and the opposites . However religions do affect the care you receive because Doctors have accepted that Jehovah’s Witnesses, whose faith forbids them from having blood transfusions, must be allowed the right to die if they do not consent to life-saving treatment. However, children must be given blood where necessary irrespective of the parent’s wishes. Accepting a blood transfusion willingly and without regret is seen as a sin. The Witness concerned would no longer be regarded as one of Jehovah’s Witnesses; this refusal to accept blood makes some operations more dangerous and causes some doctors considerable anxiety. Witnesses are willing to absolve doctors of responsibility by signing forms with appropriate wording and Many Jehovah’s Witnesses carry a signed and witnessed advance directive card absolutely refusing blood and releasing doctors from any liability arising from this refusal. There are an estimated 145,000 Jehovah’s Witnesses in the UK and Republic of Irela nd. There was a case study that I read about on the BBC news website that a 15 year old boy who was hit by a car who was a Jehovah’s witnesses and died because he sustained serious injuries and because of his religion he could not have a blood transfusion and he sadly died of his injuries and that his parents thought that he was under age to give consent to have further treatment with out his parent s be present at the hospital. This piece of text relates back to my question and research that it agrees that age does affect the care you are given in hospital settings, when it come to age consent and treatment. Further to the following point I have just discussed I am now going to outline the two main arguments about where patients are cared for and then compare that to the planning and providing care for the same patients. Acute hospitals can provide a wide range of specialist care and treatment for patients and theses could be a nurse to a physiotherapist, but yet a general practice (local GP surgery) could provide the same possible care but within the community instead so the patients who use that same service but who go the local hospital won’t have to pay for travel just to go to appointments, although this depends on the care that the patients are receiving because some of the patients may live in residential or nursing homes so then would you still make the patients travel to hospital or make special arrangements for the nurse or physio to come in once or twice a week/month to carry out the treatment that is needed. This relates to my question by stating that not just only eld erly people go in to residential but young people can go in to care as well due to having medical conditions and illnesses no matter what age you are you are entitled to any type of care that is given or received, and not to be aged discriminated simply because your either old or young. My next point I am going to discuss is whether having a family members in hospital affect the family and relatives, when relatives visit patients it can be very stressful and upsetting. People react in different ways E.G. people can become withdrawn from society and other people. My first point I am going to discuss I about having a young family member being in hospital, when a young family member is hospital they are allowed one parent to stay; as research by Robertson and Robertson concluded that when parent are further away that the child becomes withdrawn, anxious and scared as they are in a strange place and unfamiliar surroundings. When younger children are in hospital the ward has longer visiting hours because the children need their parents around as a sequence of having shorter hours the child could become unattached from their parents. In relation to the point I have just discussed is that when an elderly member of the family there are different need that the family do in comparison to having a child on the children’s ward. Adult and elderly wards have shorted visiting times than what the children’s wards would; this is because the care for the elderly and adult are a lot less needing that what they would be on the children’s ward. My argument is that on adults and elderly wards they don’t have the facilities to cater for adult and family relatives to stay with them as they are over a specific age. Elderly people in hospital tend to get left, this is because that if some elderly patients are from care homes then the care home staff know how to treat and look after them; but I am arguing that if you go in to hospitals you will see elderly people on trolleys and left to die but this never happens when children are involved. This quotation backs up me answering my question by stating that a ge does affect your care in hospitals. In spite of people often wonder what medical treatment is, some people say medical treatment is being diagnosed with a condition or illness and in comparison to that other people may think that medical treatment is when a patient already has a long term medical condition and that the medical treatment their having is to improve the condition they have; then again what members of the medical profession from the hospital are involved in the patients care. When children have a medical condition or illness they are more than likely to be seen first and have less waiting times for a referral, than what an adult would. When an adult is referred from their general doctor it takes 18 weeks from the time of your first consultation to when your treatment had finished; but when a child is referred to a consultation then it should take half the time of an adults many medical professionals do not want to put a child through events that an adult would do when they are receiving treatments for medical conditions or ill health. My next argument is going to be on the medical consent. When patients are giving medical consent it means that they are consenting to treatment. Young people under the age of 16 can consent to medical treatment if they have sufficient maturity and judgement to enable them fully to understand what is proposed. Consent to medical care in a medical emergency may not be needed to treat you if you’re an adult it depends on the situation. If your life or health is seriously threatened, and if you are mentally incapable of making decisions then the doctor will take your best interests at the heart of the consultation When dealing with Children and young people they should be involved as much as possible in decisions about their care, even when they are not able to make decisions on their own and ask what the child wants out the care they are receiving. in spite of consent an example of this is when a 14 year old girls comes in to hospital for urgent treatment and the doctor feels that she is mature enough to give consent for treatment but on the other hand a 15b year boy comes in to hospital after having a car accident and finds that he is not mature enough to give consent so there fore the doctor is in a situation where it is involving age and consent. My results in the table to the left show that 65% of the people I asked said yes to the question â€Å"do you think children underage should give medical consent when admitted to hospital† as it could be a life or death situation and yet on the other hand 35% of the people I asked said no because if the child is under the age of 16 they are classed as vulnerable what do patients expect when they have health care, when patients are admitted to hospital for different reasons; they accept a standard of expectations from the hospital and nursing staff looking after them, they expect to be treated with dignity, politeness, respect no matter what their age is. An example of this would be an elderly lady with a hip fracture and suffering from dementia who is recovering in hospital; she would expect that the nurse and doctors would treat her how they would like to be treated. Patients with dementia are more likely to be referred to palliative care and less likely to receive palliative medication and other medical interventions than people without dementia. In comparison to my quote I will now argue about expectations that people without dementia and example would be a 25 year old footballer with a broken ankle, he would be treated in hospital more favorable as he is more likely to make a full recovery than a patient with dementia; an example of thi s would be palliative care to ensure that they get the right treatment in order to make a full recovery. Finally my point I am going to discuss is whether family life is affected by a relative being in hospital. Having a relative in hospital can be hard, but once the relative is discharged it can be even harder on the family; as they now a personally reliable for the treatment and care of the individual. My personal belief for when family life is affected by the discharge of a patient is that they should have follow up care to ensure that the family is coping well with the treatment that the individual is receiving. Another point I am going to put my view about family life and hospitals is that I personally think that due to the nature and the stress of looking after a loved one is that the family fall apart and people stop talking about their feels to each and let them build up. Subsequently to this is think that when people are looking after a loved one who had just been discharged from hospital; they should get help, either by going to see a family therapist who specialised with th e situation that the family is in. next thing the family could do is have support from a team who deals with respite, this is to give the family a rest and have some family time where the whole family can talk about how they are feeling and what could be bothering them with they way the ill individual is treated. When the elderly people are discharged from hospital they have loads of medical staff come out and asses how the elderly people would mange, but on the other hand if middle aged people was discharged from hospital then no medical staff would come out and make sure that they are getting on, finally if a children has been discharged then they would have nursery nurses coming out to asses how the child is getting on and making sure that the family is coping. Conclusio The findings on my project were shocking, this is because I didn’t realise how much your age does affect the care you are given while either staying in hospitals or in our patients departments. Looking back at my project proposal form I have looked at and answered the questions that I want to answer. I have also learnt to reflect back on my findings and what I need to improve on within my project; looking back at my findings I established that I needed to add more in to the each of my literature review questions to enable to answer my question in full. I have developed on my skills while writing my project, I have done this by re-reading my work and having feedback from my assessing tutor and altering my point of view as they become very personal. The reason why I have altered my views and opinions is because I have gained a new insight in the process in creative writing in my project and finding other ways to write my project out and the order that I have put in to my questions in the ways that I think is the best. I done this with my questions by putting the most important question first and then slowly going down my list of questions that least wanted to find out about When thinking about my literature review I had to take into consideration what had to be included and how I am going to answer the questions that I have asked in relation to my project question. When doing my project I concluded that age dose affect the care you receive in hospitals; I came to this conclusion because after doing all my research it shows that the answer to my question is yes; I came to this conclusion due to the information I had found out and from my own personal experience. I am going to agree with this answer because when an elderly person is admitted to a hospital etc, they are then put into bed and sometimes forgotten about, and could cause more injury to themselves as they could fall off the trolley bed and the elderly person because even more ill and frustrated and could potentially cause more harm to them selves while in the hospital, an example of this is a elderly lady with dementia who is unaware of where she is and falls out of bed and hurts herself. Neve rtheless on the other hand if this was a middle aged person then I would be a different case story as the nurses will be watching watch the children will be doing so the children do not fall out of the bed and hurt themselves. Evaluation After many weeks of hard work and research I finally finished my project â€Å"Dose your age affect the care you receive in hospitals† and presented my findings as a power point presentation and a written document. When doing my project I came across a number of hurdles that I had to overcome when finding out information on my question â€Å"does age affect the way you receive in hospitals†, I am now going to explain what went well, what didn’t go well and how I could overcome any inconveniences that arose from doing my project. The things that didn’t go well in my project were that I had a lot of time off sick due to medical problems and Ill health and had lack of motivation due to the tutor going through the work and then sending us off to do it on our own. This made this very difficult to catch up on the class work and all the handouts that were given out in the class lesson. The things I did to overcome this problem is that I worked at home to try my very best to complete parts of my project that I already had information on at home, with further guidance I emailed my tutor. This meant I had to research on my own with out any guidance of how I could possibility carry on doing my project. To defeat this milestone I sat down with my parents and asked their advice on what other sources of research I could use and add in to my project relatively than just the internet. The effects I have learnt from having time off are that I should try and challenge myself to come in college so I would not miss an y important documents or information that is being given out. What well on my project is very modest; this because I had more difficulties with my project than I thought. But the points in my project that did go well were the following with the aim of once I had done my research I found it easy to pick out points that would be relevant to my literature review questions and that I was able to adapt my research with my questions. What could have gone better with finding the relevant points is that I could have used different perspectives of what the quote was when backing up my own explanation of the question. I have learnt from this are that I would not use the whole quote that I am using to back up my points in my literature review but to use the significant information only. In future reference I would change this simply because those adding more information that was irrelevant and subsequently leading me off the point. To achieve my aims in my project I did a lot of assessments about my aims. However I didn’t achieve all my aims. This is because that some of my aims that I was looking at had limited amount of information, which was good but didn’t get to the point that I was asking and wanting to quote. The aims that I did mage to answer and find information were the following; having a member in hospitals affects the family as a whole; where are patients cared for and finally how is affects the patient itself. Looking back at my aims, the negative of doing them is I could not find the right information on the following aims; what expectations should patients expect; the difference between adult and paediatrics care and one question I looked at but subsequently took out of my project, why the hospital staff choose to work in the area of the hospital that they are working in. I took this question out simply because of I could not find an adequate amount of information to respond with the question. Further more to the negatives there were a lot of positives with my aims, when looking at them I found that using just simple key words would get me the answers that I needed; but like I have mentioned before I took the important points out that I needed and then corresponded with my aims. My project question I chose to do was difficult; but however this was my first question that I thought of, my first question I wanted to ask was that do lone parents get the right support that they need. I then looked up that question and found that there wasn’t enough information on that detailed topic, so I sat down and had another think about what I would be passionate about; after a lot of thinking I thought about my future career working with children and related to that. Nevertheless when researching my question, I was restricted to information that was available to me. What I have learned from this experience of finding out information and a project question, I would look at information in higher dept, instead of just rushing in to writing up my question. The answer and methodology to my question was proved to be a two tailed, however it was difficult to prove simply because it contained to many variables as I found that there was an agreement for and an agreement against my question. Submitting out a questionnaire to 25 people and looking at the result when I got the questionnaires back I established that many people had different views on the question I was asking. The positive things that went well was that the information I had gained showed me an insight to what other people think about the age and care you would get in hospitals; conversely it also showed that there was no specific answer to the question I was asking. Things I would do differently when looking at the methods would be to look at any journals, case studies and subsequently if possible patients and relatives own experiences of how they felt while in hospital receiving care. Bibliography. Dictionary.com Online dictionary retrieved Wednesday 6th October 2010 http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/age Surgery encyclopaedia. Online surgery encyclopaedia. Clark, Chris L. Adult Day Services and Social Inclusion: Better Days. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers, 2001 http://www.surgeryencyclopedia.com/A-Ce/Adult-Day-Care.html Community services retrieved 13th October 2010 www.dvh.nhs.uk †º Our services †º A to Z of services www.bradfordhospitals.nhs.uk/patients-and†¦/muslims http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/witnesses/witnessethics/ethics_1.shtml http:/news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/206270.stm Ask.com Online search engine retrieved 27th October 2010 http://uk.ask.com/web?q=dictionary%3A+medicalcontent=wordnetuk%7C107713o=352l=dirsiteid=dm=ctry. Leicestershire country and Rutland PCT trust retrieved 27th October 2010 http://www.lcr.nhs.uk/Library/36ReviewofSwineFluPandemicIncludingLessonsLearntandAssuranceAroundStaffVaccinationProgrammePaperB. Bradford hospital NHS website retrieved 2nd march 2011 http://www.bradfordhospitals.nhs.uk/patients-and-carers/chaplaincy-new/faith-requirements-information/muslims BBC website, religions website retrieved 2nd march 2011 . http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/witnesses/witnessethics/ethics_1.shtml Health talk online website November 2010 http://www.healthtalkonline.org/Intensive_care/Intensive_care__experiences_of_family__friends/Topic/1478/ retrieved 2nd march 2011 http://www.brook.org.uk/information/sex-and-the-law/consent-to-medical-treatment retrieved 2nd march 2011 How to cite Does your age affect the care you revive in hospitals?, Essay examples

Greek Gods Essay Example For Students

Greek Gods Essay With our view of God, it can sometimes be difficult to comprehend the actions and thinking of the Greek deities. The Christian God does not tend to take such an active role in the affairs of peoples lives, where, on the other hand, the Greeks regarded direct involvement by the gods as a daily, uncontrollable part of life. Needless to say, divine intervention was a major variable in the equation of Homers Iliad. The gods picked who they would favour for different reasons. Except Zeus: As the symbol of supreme authority and justice, he makes judgement calls as to the other gods involvement in the war, remains impartial, and doesnt seem to get caught up in picking favourites. Even when his own son, Sarpedon, was about to die, Zeus chose to let the outcome go unaltered. On the other hand, Zeuss wife, Hera, displayed the more typical actions of a god. After Paris, a Trojan, judged Aphrodite the fairest over Hera, and, after her daughter Hebe was replaced as cupbearer to the gods by a young Trojan boy, she was quite resentful towards Troy and its people. Obviously she sided with the Greeks and would stop at no length to express her will. Scheming and manipulating she even dared to trick her husband, King of the Gods. Hera, along with Athena, who was also passed over by Paris, is seen as the chief divine aid to the Greeks. Being the god of the sea, Poseidon was another strong supporter of the ocea n-faring Greeks. Whenever Zeus turned his back Poseidon tried to help the Greeks in the fight. Poseidon felt that he was somewhat Zeuss equal as his brother, but recognizing Zeuss authority and experience, he looked to Zeus as an elder. We will write a custom essay on Greek Gods specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now There were also Gods who favoured the Trojan side of the conflict. Both Apollo and Artemis, twin brother and sister, gave aid to the city of Troy. Although Artemis takes a rather minor role, Apollo, perhaps angered by Agamemmnons refusal to ransom Khryseis, the daughter of one of his priests and was constantly changing the course of the war in favour of the Trojans. Responsible for sending plague to the Greeks, Apollo was the first god to make an appearance in the Iliad. Also, mainly because Apollo and Artemis were on the Trojan side, their mother, Leto, also helped the Trojans. Aphrodite, obviously supporting Pariss judgement, sided with the Trojans. Although she was insignificant on the battlefield, Aphrodite was successful in convincing Ares, her lover and the god of war, to help the Trojans. One view of the gods seemingly constant intervention in the war was that they were just setting fate back on the right course. For instance, when Patroklos was killed outside of Troy, Apollo felt no guilt for his doings. It had already been decided that Patroklos would not take Troy, he should never have disobeyed Achilles in the first place. As a god, he was just setting fate on a straight line. Achilles laid blame on Hektor and the Trojans. He did not even consider accusing Apollo, who never came into question, although he was primarily responsible for the kill. Apollos part in the matter was merely accepted as a natural disaster or illness would be today. This general acceptance of a gods will is a recurring trend throughout the poem. A prime example of this trend is in book XXIV. Achilles, angry over the death of Patroklos brutally disgraced Hektors body. Tethering Hektors corpse through the ankles, Achilles dragged him around Patrokloss tomb every day for twelve days. This barbaric treatment was uncalled for and displeased the gods greatly. Achilles mother, Thetis, was sent by Zeus to tell him to ransom the body back to the Trojans. One may think Achilles would be possessive of the body and attempt to put up a fuss as he did before with Agamemmnon in Book I. But, Achilles showed humility and respect for the gods and immediately agreed to ransom the body to the Trojans, showing that all mortals, even god-like Achilles, were answerable to the gods. .ub2f64ff95e9d284741fb293bc028e0dc , .ub2f64ff95e9d284741fb293bc028e0dc .postImageUrl , .ub2f64ff95e9d284741fb293bc028e0dc .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub2f64ff95e9d284741fb293bc028e0dc , .ub2f64ff95e9d284741fb293bc028e0dc:hover , .ub2f64ff95e9d284741fb293bc028e0dc:visited , .ub2f64ff95e9d284741fb293bc028e0dc:active { border:0!important; } .ub2f64ff95e9d284741fb293bc028e0dc .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub2f64ff95e9d284741fb293bc028e0dc { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub2f64ff95e9d284741fb293bc028e0dc:active , .ub2f64ff95e9d284741fb293bc028e0dc:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub2f64ff95e9d284741fb293bc028e0dc .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub2f64ff95e9d284741fb293bc028e0dc .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub2f64ff95e9d284741fb293bc028e0dc .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub2f64ff95e9d284741fb293bc028e0dc .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub2f64ff95e9d284741fb293bc028e0dc:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub2f64ff95e9d284741fb293bc028e0dc .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub2f64ff95e9d284741fb293bc028e0dc .ub2f64ff95e9d284741fb293bc028e0dc-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub2f64ff95e9d284741fb293bc028e0dc:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Benefits of stem cell research EssayThis ideology would seem to give the gods a sort of unlimited freedom on earth, although, the gods could not always do as they pleased and eventually had to come before Zeus. Zeus acted as a balance of sorts throughout the Iliad. He had to keep the gods in order and make sure that what fate decreed would happen. For example, after Achilles re-enters the battle Zeus declared that if Achilles was allowed to go on slaughtering the Trojans with nothing to slow him down, he would take Troy before fate said it would happen. Therefore, to counter Achilles massive retaliation against the Trojans, Zeus allowed the gods to go back to the battle fi eld. In Zeuss own interests, he preferred to deal with issues more personal to the individual heros of the Iliad. This can be seen throughout the book as Zeus attempted to increase the honour of certain individuals. Zeus knew that Hektor was going to be killed by Achilles, and, feeling sorry for Hektor Zeus attempted to allow Hektor to die an honourable death. For instance, when Hektor stripped Achilles armour off Patroklos, Zeus helped Hektor fill out the armour so he would not seem like less of a man then Achilles. Zeus also gave his word to Thetis that Achilles would gain much glory showing his involvement on a personal level. Homer used the gods and their actions to establish twists on the plot of the war. It would not have been possible for him to write the story without the divine interventions of the gods. Indeed, they affected every aspect the poem in some way, shape or form. Yet, from the immortal perspective of the Greek god, the Trojan war, and everything related to it, was only a passing adventure in the great expanse of time.

Modern Politics free essay sample

Politics have come a long way from Niccolo Machiavelli in the late 1400’s to current political philosophers of the twentieth century. Many of those great theorists had one single thing in common: they have strived to break old concepts of political thought, being it racial and gender inequality, or ideas on how to be a leader with less opposition. In modern politics, after a long period of centralized governments, the brief trend of gaining freedom and equality has been deteriorating and the creation of an illusion of freedom has slowly replaced the true freedom of speech and thought. In the times of Machievelli, governments were centralized under the power of a prince. In his book â€Å"The Prince,† Machiavelli discussed how a prince should act in order to be fully respected and maintain full power. He suggested that a prince should do whatever was necessary to achieve his objectives and never rely only on ideals; additionally, no price was too high to pay for success, and a prince should focus more on being loved than feared if not possible to have both at the same time. We will write a custom essay sample on Modern Politics or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page On the same thought, â€Å"a prince should not worry if he incurs reproach for his cruelty so long as he keeps his subjects united and loyal† (RWH, p. 0); in other words, a prince should sometimes be cruel. Moreover, Machiavelli did not believe in individual freedom. Even the prince needed to follow rules to maintain his success and everyone else had to follow the prince’s orders and live with fear. Hobbes had a similar view of Machiavelli’s. He believed that â€Å"kings, whose power is greatest, turn their endeavor to the assuring it at home by laws or abroad by wars† (Leviathan, 83). This required a need for a centralized government with full powers to the ruler. Small changes to this political thought arose with John Locke; although still believing in a centralized government, Locke did not grant full power to the king. All government powers had to be limited by life, liberty, and property, and one should â€Å"do whatsoever he thinks fit for the preservation of himself and others within the permission of the law of Nature† (RWH, 139). Next in history we have Marx and Engels’ â€Å"The Communist Manifesto. † In this book, the authors explained the history of class struggle and suggested a very different way of how society should work. They noticed that â€Å"every form of society ha[d] been based†¦on the antagonism of the oppressing and oppressed classes,† and that the only path to form a new society was through this class struggle (CM, 64). Here, in a similar view from the Free Speech movement, the oppressed mass should fight for their rights; however, unlike the Free Speech Movement, this fight was not only to secure their freedom and equality, but to end a capitalist world that was being created by the oppressing class. Marx and Engels claimed that the â€Å"work of the proletarians ha[d] lost all individual character†¦[and men were becoming] an appendage of the machine† (CM, 58). As a consequence, the mass was losing their buying power exponentially and being forced to work longer hours in order to keep up with the price of the commodities. To end the injustice seen in front of their eyes, they created a new political party, the Communist party, where â€Å"capital [would be] converted into common property† to lose â€Å"its class character† (CM, 68). This form of government was installed in a few countries for a period. However, it did not benefit the oppressed class as they suggested; instead, it united the bourgeoisie and proletariats, and the only class remaining was now oppressed by the Communist party. In a different view from Marx and Engels, Ortega y Gasset examines the creation of the mass-man, not in terms of social class, but in terms of actions in society. He claims that due to â€Å"liberal democracy, scientific experiment, and industrialism,† no man was â€Å"confronted with obstacles and limitations† from birth (RM, 8); a man could change his path to becoming a noble by doing something great and simultaneously he could become a mass-man by being ordinary. An ordinary man is one that is only concerned with their well-being, â€Å"and at the same time [he] remain[s] alien to the cause of that well-being† (RM, 10). He does not realize how society merited his luxuries and he believes that those are a natural right. Therefore, the â€Å"mass-man† could be from any social background, and as a result, there were no social barriers to one’s future. According to Ortega, since the modern mass do not consider any authority external to themselves due to their selfish ways, they believe to have â€Å"complete freedom as its natural established condition† (RM, 11). On the other hand, the noble man is compelled to follow â€Å"some standard beyond himself† to better society (RM, 11). Nevertheless, these are mere illusions; the mass-man is actually oppressed, and by choice, and the noble man is not. Thus, by acting toward the greater good, one could achieve individual freedom in Ortega’s view. The first political movement for true individual freedom was the Civil Rights Movement initiated in the 1950’s. The Civil Rights Movement was a worldwide mass political movement to achieve equal legal rights. It was initiated by student political organizations from several different universities in the San Francisco area with a series of protests and riots; they aimed to abolish public and private racial discrimination and fight for equal rights. This movement was mainly African American, but it was also the beginning for women’s liberation, to stop nuclear testing, apartheid, and discriminatory employee practices, or any kind of inequality in our society. According to Martin Luther King Jr. , â€Å"Oppressed people cannot remain oppressed forever. The yearning for freedom eventually manifests itself, and that is what has happened to the American Negro. Something within has reminded him of his birthright of freedom, and something without has reminded him that it can be gained† (MLKJ, 6). Following the Civil Rights Movement was the Free Speech Movement. The Free Speech Movement was also done through protests and riots on the Berkeley University campus by student political organizations to ensure freedom of speech and literature. It also wanted to stop the prohibition of political activities on the university campus. An interesting connection that can be done however is the relationship between the Civil Rights movement and â€Å"On Bullshit† by Henry Frankfurt. The Civil Rights movement fought against inequality; nonetheless, women were not seen as equal by their own revolution â€Å"brothers. † When they tried to take a more active position of leadership, they encountered resistance from the part of their revolution â€Å"brothers. † This led them to begin their own fight. â€Å"On Bullshit,† Frankfurt states that â€Å"the essence of bullshit is not that is false but that is phony† (HF, 5). This is what activists were doing at that time. They claimed to want equality to all in matters of law, but in fact, they did not see women as equal. In society today, although one is believed to have total individual freedom, one has not. Racial and gender discrimination in the matter of law or freedom of speech are no longer an issue, but individuals are still discriminated in the everyday life. An example of it is white males having more chances of being promoted to a leadership position or earning a higher salary. According to Lippmann, a recent trend in modern politics is the manufacturing of consent. It has become more and more present in the political environment and politicians, officials, or organizations leaders have a better capability of creating consent by persuasion. This happens because â€Å"established leaders of any organization have great natural advantages. They are believed to have better sources of information†¦it is, therefore, easier for them to secure attention and to speak in a convincing tone. But they also have a great deal of control over the access to the facts† (Lippmann, 135). Through that control, they can limit what the mass will have knowledge on, and consequently, guide their thoughts and decisions to what they prefer; every â€Å"official finds himself deciding more and more consciously what facts, in what setting, in what guise he shall permit the public to know† and that gives them more power than anyone should have (Lippmann,135). A similar view of the same matter is discussed by Hannah Arendt. In â€Å"Lying in Politics,† Arendt exposes how the American government released false facts about the war in order to protect the reputation of our country and the image that its citizens had of it. This exemplifies Lippmann’s arguments perfectly. Leaders have the power to choose what facts to be released to the public in order to influence their thoughts. Besides choosing what facts will be released to the public and when to release them, politicians â€Å"take, if not the whole mass, then the subordinates of the hierarchy sufficiently into their confidence to prepare them for what might happen, and to make them feel that they have freely willed the result† (Lippmann, 134). This method is genius; being able to convince someone that your idea is their idea is the best way for secretly controlling others and succeeding in achieving your goals; â€Å"persuasion has become a self-conscious art and a regular organ of popular government† (Lippmann,136). In â€Å"Truth and Politics,† again by Arendt, there is a similar thinking: opinions will be formed in regards to an issue after arduous analysis of several different perspectives (Truth and Politics, 238); this will make â€Å"present to†¦mind[s] the standpoints of those who are absent† and in that way, their ideas will be expressed (Truth and Politics, 241). Nevertheless, when representing others point of view, one is not fully adopting that point of view; thus, that idea is being â€Å"look[ed] upon the world from a different perspective† (Truth and Politics, 241). Consequently, this act mimics as if one is thinking for themselves and changing the idea according to one’s personality and beliefs, when it actually does not; hence, there is an illusion of an original thinking. Adding this process to the power leader have of what facts to expose, the manufacturing of consent becomes an easy task to do and is a powerful weapon for politicians to have.

Video Game Addiction Essay Example

Video Game Addiction Essay Example Video Game Addiction Essay Video Game Addiction Essay Video Game Addiction New research identifies some video game users, particularly online users, who became hooked on interactive games and then see their lives become increasingly unmanageable. Many articles are available that look at the addictive qualities of the games and who is susceptible to becoming addicted. Other research looks at how this addiction compares to addictions such as drug and alcohol abuse and pathological gambling. Since computer game addiction is relatively new, there are few tools to measure the extent of addictiveness and how much the addictiveness affects the lives of the persons who are experiencing it. Computers, the Internet and video game consoles have invaded our homes and have also become extremely portable. With video gaming becoming more popular every day, a consumer needs to be aware of the affects of this new addiction. Various qualities of games have been researched in order to determine what makes them addictive. Many article outline a workable definitions of video game addiction and examine the literature to determine who is playing video games and who is susceptible to becoming addicted. Only one article was found that developed and tested a scale to measure the addiction. With the advances in graphics and game quality many factors play into the drawl of video game playing. Video games are designed with many levels, appealing characters, interesting storylines and state-of-the art graphics. Some games use characters and movies that are already familiar and known to potential players. All of these factors have been designed to provide the user with a form of appealing entertainment that they want to purchase and then repeatedly to play. Video games are heavily advertised to attract a player’s interest and then influence users into trying them. A certain level of captivation and the desire to perform causes gamers to become heavily immersed into the game. When in this state, gamers can lose a sense of time and self-consciousness. One interviewee described it as ‘you get involved and lose track of time†¦you’d be missing meals †¦Ã¢â‚¬ . The increase in the home computer and personal game consoles available on the market has resulted in an increase in the amount of time that such games can be played. When the term ‘addiction’ is used, people generally think of a physical dependency that is related to the use of drugs, alcohol or other chemical ubstances. â€Å"Tolerance, withdrawal and compulsive use are required for any diagnosis of dependency† (American Psychiatric Association). Researchers have suggested that that social pathologies related to video games are starting to emerge in society. New research suggests, â€Å"One reward is not considered different from another in the bra in, regardless if the reward is from an internal chemical reaction or an external stimulus†(Holden). A reward comes with the risk of addiction, whether gambling, eating, sex, shopping is the reason for risk. Playing video games consists of repeated, compulsive behaviors, a decrease in interest in doing other activities, making friends with other addicts and online gamers, and mental and physical symptoms of withdrawal when the games are taken away or otherwise dropped. Leung’s research of ‘addicted’ subjects strongly linked the addiction to the satisfaction of being able to controlling the world in online games. This research concludes that the â€Å"users are dependent because the internet and gaming are a safe place to express themselves without judgment† (Leung). The intensity of game playing, repetitive nature, and the ability to play video games for hours and not notice the time that has passed, one finds it easy to believe that video games are addictive. Some gamers have reported withdrawal symptoms, including getting ‘the shakes’ after not playing a game for an extended period of time. The compulsive need for, the habit-forming qualities of, and the physiological and psychological symptoms of withdrawal correlate to other types of well-documented addictions. In 2004, Griffiths conducted research that compared 540 on-line game players, including adolescents and adults. The information collected included demographics, frequency and history of playing, and their favorite and least favorite aspects of the game. Of those tested a significant majority of both adults and adolescents were male. The younger the player meant that the player was even more likely to be male. One third of the adults in the survey had some â€Å"undergraduate education†, however one third of the adolescents had â€Å"dropped out of school. † The players tested were most likely to be single, and none of the adolescents and only â€Å"approximately 36% of the adults were married† (Griffiths). Clymo’s studies reported, â€Å"77% teenagers in the US play video games† (Clymo). It is not surprising that Griffith’s research involving online video game playing reported that more than â€Å"70% of the players came from the United States† (Griffiths). According to various other reports, teenagers in the United States play an average of 3-4 hours per day. This is significantly higher than incidences in other countries. In Taiwan, research reveals that the â€Å"average age user plays about three times a week for an average of two hours† (Chiu, Lee and Huang). A study conducted in South Spain indicated, â€Å"57% of adolescents played video games regularly† but that â€Å"93% of them had played at least once in the past year† (Salguero and Moran). Research from various other countries also clearly indicates that the United States has a higher incidence of game playing than any other culture. Griffiths reported computer game playing for most children is a† fairly absorbing and harmless activity† but for a small minority of children it may be â€Å"problematic† (Griffiths). Other research suggests that the more involved a parent is with a child’s education, the less likely a child will be addicted to video games. The same research reports that more â€Å"socially adjusted children† are less likely to be addicted as well (Chiu, Lee and Huang). Research has also shown on the primary players also suggested that adolescent players were more â€Å"susceptible† to addiction than adult players. The study found that younger, adolescent players were more likely to let their â€Å"responsibilities lapse† in order to continue playing (Griffiths). Although stories about addicted video game players generally center on a male teenager with an impaired social life, poor grades and little self-confidence, research does not always support this image. Although Leung’s research focuses on other activities in addition to gaming, this research suggests that subjects addicted to the Internet tend to be female’s that played games that included online chat. The research also indicated that new users, regardless of gender, were â€Å"more vulnerable† to becoming heavy users or addicts (Leung). Subjects are suffering from symptoms of video game addiction because not enough research has been done on the issue. As video games are relatively new in the arena of addiction, little information is actually known about the effects on individuals and society as a whole. Creating tests and implementing tools that counselors and Primary Care Physicians can use to assess if issues with video games are present and to what extent can help addiction. Also, action plans and methods should be laid out to encourage parents to limit the time adolescents use video games. Making consumers aware of the growing issue of ideo game addition is of great importance and can only help in treatment for this newly found addiction. American Psychiatric Association, ed. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 4th ed. Washington, D. C. : 1994. Print. Chiu, Lee, Huang. â€Å"Video Game Addiction in Children and Teenagers in Taiwan. † Cyber Psychology Behavior. (2004) 571-581. Print. C lymo, P. (2001). â€Å"Home video game playing in schoolchildren: as study of incidence and patters of play. † Youth Studies 15, 59. Griffiths, M. (2001). â€Å"Computer game playing in early adolescence. Youth Society, e 29(2), 223-237. Griffiths, M. D. , Davies, M. N. O. , Chappell, D. (2004). â€Å"On line computer gaming: a comparison of adolescent and adult gamers†. Journal of Adolescence, 27, 87-96. Holden, C. (2001). â€Å"‘Behavioral Addictions’: Do They Exist† Science, 294, 980-982. Leung, L. (2004) â€Å"Net-Generation Attributes and Seductive Properties of the Internet as Predictors of Online Activities and Internet Addiction† CyberPsychology Behavior, 7(3), 333-348. Salguero, R. A. T. and Moran, R. M. B. (2002) â€Å"Measuring problem video game playing in adolescents† Addiction, 97, 1601-1606.

Definition, Examples of the Rhetorical Term Epanalepsis

Definition, Examples of the Rhetorical Term Epanalepsis (1) Epanalepsis is a rhetorical term for the repetition of a word or phrase at regular intervals: a refrain. Adjective: epanaleptic. (2) More specifically, epanalepsis may refer to repetition at the end of a clause or sentence of the word or phrase with which it began, as in Next time  there wont be a  next time (Phil Leotardo in  The Sopranos). In this sense, epanalepsis is a combination of anaphora and epistrophe. Also known as inclusio. EtymologyFrom the Greek, resumption, repetition Pronunciation e-pa-na-LEP-sis Examples Always Low Prices. Always. (Walmart slogan)Rejoice in the Lord always: and again I say, Rejoice. (The Bible, Phil. 4.4)In the run-up to Christmas, we will publicly disembowel anyone heard using the phrase in the run-up to Christmas. (Michael Bywater, The Chronicles of Bargepole, Jonathan Cape, 1992)Music I heard with you was more than music,And bread I broke with you was more than bread. (Conrad Aiken, Bread and Music, 1914)He is noticeable for nothing in the world except for the markedness by which he is noticeable for nothing.† (Edgar Allan Poe, The Literati of New York City. Godeys Ladys Book, Sep. 1846)Say over again, and yet once over again,That thou dost love me . . .. (Elizabeth Barrett Browning, Sonnets from the Portuguese)â€Å"Imagine me, an old gentleman, a distinguished author, gliding rapidly on my back, in the wake of my outstretched dead feet, first through that gap in the granite, then over a pinewood, then along misty water meadows, and then simply between mar ges of mist, on and on, imagine that sight!† (Vladimir Nabokov, Look at the Harlequins! McGraw Hill, 1974) Possessing what we still were unpossessed by,Possessed by what we now no more possessed. (Robert Frost, The Gift Outright)They went home and told their wives,that never once in all their lives,had they known a girl like me,But . . . They went home. (Maya Angelou, They Went Home)The man who did the waking buys the man who was sleeping a drink; the man who was sleeping drinks it while listening to a proposition from the man who did the waking. (Jack Sparrow, The Pirates of the Caribbean)We know nothing of one another, nothing. Smiley mused. However closely we live together, at whatever time of day or night we sound the deepest thoughts in one another, we know nothing. (John le Carrà ©, Call for the Dead, 1961) Epanalepsis in Julius Caesar Romans, countrymen, and lovers! hear me for my cause, and be silent, that you may hear: believe me for mine honour, and have respect to mine honour, that you may believe. (Brutus in Act III, scene two of Julius Caesar by William Shakespeare)By repeating hear and believe at both the beginning and end of successive lines, Brutus emphasizes to the crowd that these are the two main things he desires: for the crowd to hear him and, more significantly, to believe what he is about to say regarding the assassination of Julius Caesar. Epanalepsis in Little Dorritt Mr. Tite Barnacle was a buttoned-up man, and consequently a weighty one. All buttoned-up men are weighty. All buttoned-up men are believed in. Whether or no the reserved and never-exercised power of unbuttoning, fascinates mankind; whether or no wisdom is supposed to condense and augment when buttoned up, and to evaporate when unbuttoned; it is certain that the man to whom importance is accorded is the buttoned-up man. Mr. Tite Barnacle never would have passed for half his current value, unless his coat had been always buttoned-up to his white cravat. (Charles Dickens, Little Dorritt, 1855-1857) Epanalepsis in James Joyces Ulysses Don John Conmee walked and moved in times of yore. He was humane and honoured there. He bore in mind secrets confessed and he smiled at smiling noble faces in a beeswaxed drawingroom, ceiled with full fruit clusters. And the hands of a bride and bridegroom, noble to noble, were impalmed by Don John Conmee. (James Joyces, Chapter 10 of Ulysses, 1922) Notes on Epanalepsis in Prose Epanalepsis is rare in prose, probably because when the emotional situation arises that can make such a scheme appropriate, poetry seems to be the only form that can adequately express the emotion. (Edward P.J. Corbett and Robert J. Connors, Classical Rhetoric for the Modern Student. Oxford University Press, 1999)When epanalepsis is used in prose, it often creates sentences that stand alone as aphorisms: Nothing can be created out of nothing (Lucretius). Men of few words are the best men (Henry IV 3.2). (Arthur Quinn and Lyon Rathbun, Epanalepsis. Encyclopedia of Rhetoric and Composition, ed. by Theresa Enos. Taylor Francis, 1996)The fourth-century grammarian and rhetorician Tiberius lists epanalepsis as a rhetorical figure, but at the conclusion of his explanation uses the term analepsis instead: Epanalepsis is when the same word is placed twice in the same clause or in the same sentence, with the same context. ... Public speakers use analepsis at the beginning, in the same way as palillogia, but Homer used it also at the end. (Joachim Burmeister, Musical Poetics, trans. by Benito V. Rivera. Yale Univ. Press, 1993)

Modern Art as Viewed by T.J. Clark Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Modern Art as Viewed by T.J. Clark - Essay Example The essay "Modern Art as Viewed by T.J. Clark" provides the view on modern art by T.J. Clark. Paris is said to be the birthplace of habits of leisure, consumption and commerce that are now named as â€Å"modern life†-- explicitly captured in paintings, sculpture and architecture which are collectively called the â€Å"modern art.† Modern art is a term which is usually associated with forms of art that were done in the spirit of experimentation and in which the traditions and practices of the past have been disregarded. These arts are representations of rejection of the established academic tradition in favor of more naturalistic representation of the world. Pioneers of this kind of art were called Romantics, Realists and Impressionists; by the late 19th century, additional movements called Post-Impressionism and Symbolism also emerged. Connected with the concepts of modernity and modern art is a Marxist art historian named Timothy J. Clark. A native of Bristol, England, Clark received his education at Bristol Grammar School, Cambridge University and at the Courtauld Institute of Art at the University of London. His work experiences include his stint as a lecturer at Essex University from 1967-1969; as a senior lecturer at the Camberwell School of Art from 1970-1974; as a visiting professor and subsequently as an associate professor at the University of California; as chair of the Fine Arts Department of Leeds University in 1976; and as a member of the School of Fine Arts faculty at Harvard University. where he encountered quite a number of his detractors who were among the traditional and connoisseurship-based faculty. (T.J. Clark) Currently, he holds the George C. and Helen N. Pardee Chair as Professor of Modern Art at the University of California. (U.C. Berkeley History of Art 2005) Going back to the concept of modern art, this was discussed by T. J. Clark in reference to Paris in his book entitled The Painting of Modern Life: Paris in the Art of Manet and His Followers. In this book, Clark questioned those who view Impressionism only in terms of artistic technique, and likewise describes the works of Manet, Degas, Seurat and others as an attempt to give form to the "modern life" by focusing on its typical representatives, which are basically the various "modern city" workers. (Clark, T.J.: The Painting of Modern Life: Paris in the Art of Manet and His Followers 2008) Concomitantly, Clark views Paris as the birthplace of the "modern art", where changes therein went beyond the cultural and ideological refurbishing to the more encompassing economic transformation. (T.J. Clark: Manet in situ 1986) Samples of the specific arguments and discussion that could be found in the book are the following: 1.) Manet's Olympia caused scandal at the 1865 Salon because the painting disobeyed the "rules of the nude." Furthermore, in addition to the nude body on bed, the woman's hand is considered to be a detail, which the critics wrongly focused on; 2.) Manet's disregard of the so-called "good modeling" and the abruptness which characterized his lights and darks can be seen in the Olympia. Such aspects have been criticized by some writers in 1865, describing such as "circled in black", "drawn in charcoal", and "stripes of blacking"; and 3.) certain paintings suggested the fact that classes coexisted, but never touched. (Clark 1985) As seen in the title of the book, Manet's art is given emphasis in reference to the

Customer Perception and Brand Loyalty Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Customer Perception and Brand Loyalty - Essay Example Pomerantz, (2003) defined perception as a process of attaining awareness or understanding environments by interpreting information. This statement is based on normal human psychology that can be related to the customer perception. Customer perception is a process that is based on the information collected from wide arrays of sources and resources. It can be the case that customers using the existing product or service may create awareness along with changing the level of perception about that particular product or service. Organisations need to understand the perception of customers in order to market their products and services along with offering them something that will exceed the level of perceived perception. Customer perception decides their buying behavior to an extent. Considering the fact that good and valid perception about a product often creates a positive image that allures customers to get associated with that product or service in the short as well as in the long run. Customer perception can be considered as the first stage of buying behavior where there is a difference between the reality and perception. Until and unless, customers use the product; ascertaining the reality can be a cumbersome task offering irrelevant attention and importance to perception (Reichheld, 1993). Customers’ perceptions can be influenced through reference groups and opinion leaders but should offer desired and more than perceived results in order to create long term value and mutual benefits in the competitive business environment.... In short, brand loyalty is driven by effective customer relationship management programs and initiatives offering mutual benefits and advantages to organizations and customers. The research is based on identifying the Ducati customer perception and brand loyalty. It needs to be mentioned that in spite of a number of companies manufacturing high quality and attractive motorcycles, a certain group of customers prefer to buy Ducati motorcycles. The research aims at identifying their perception towards Ducati and its motorcycles along with assessing brand loyalty. However, in this particular discussion, only theoretical aspects of brand loyalty and customer perception has been presented and practical implication will be highlighted in the later part of the research in an illustrative and logical manner. A highly satisfied customer will tend to buy more product and services of the brand with whom he can relate to in the short as well as in the long run. It needs to be understood that bran d loyalty is often useful and economical for the buyer and seller. The buyer can stick to a particular brand without investing much in competitors brand along with availing great benefits of brand loyalty offered by organizations. Loyalty is awarded and rewarded in different ways depending on the structure and policies of organizations. When it comes to expensive products and services, customer perception and loyalty is driven by wide arrays of variables. Price can be considered as one of the most important variables deciding the perception and loyalty level of customers. Ducati Motorcycles come with a hefty price tag and with a positive perception of motorcycles; customers are willing to invest their money in it. If the actual and real performance and services of

Addiction for Plastic Surgeries Essay Example for Free

Addiction for Plastic Surgeries Essay Plastic surgery is a medical field that deals with reshaping some body deformities that may have occurred due to birth defects or accidents. It is also used for other purposes such as treating diseases and beauty purposes. An example of a disease which can be treated through plastic surgery is melanoma. If plastic surgery is carried out for younger looks or beauty purposes, it is referred to as cosmetic surgery. This paper will directly address the issue of cosmetic surgery since it is what has caused plastic surgeries addiction all over the world. See more: Recruitment and selection process essay Cosmetic surgeries are never related to any medical condition and are normally done to enhance the physical appearance of an individual. Cosmetic surgery addicts are easily identifiable due to the numerous surgeries they undergo each time claiming that they are not happy with their looks. Many victims of cosmetic surgery suffer from a medical condition known as Body Dimorphic Disorder (BDD). This mental disorder has made people imagine that they look different from others and there is a need for surgery so that they can improve their looks. Discussion Cosmetic surgery is a major problem today as a number of people who are addicted to it are doing it repeatedly in order to achieve their imaginary beauty. This practice is becoming frequent and in many instances it is affecting women as they try to change and improve their physical appearances. The problem with such kind of people only exists in their mind because it is hard to view yourself as being ugly from others, it is only a perception. If you view yourself as being ugly from others, the problem will never end even if you undergo so many plastic surgeries. This perception will directly influence the level of your happiness and accepting yourself the way you are. The practices of undergoing plastic surgery repeatedly in order to feel happy and look like the ones you view as more beautiful than yourself is what doctors refer to as BDD. This condition normally affects both male and females under the age of 18 equally (Gorbis, 2003). People suffering from BDD use plastic surgery as a solution to their unending dissatisfaction with their body physical appearance (Gorbis, 2003). Almost all people who suffer from BDD seek solution to cosmetic surgery. As a surgeon, you should be able to discover someone suffering from this medical condition and recommend him/her to a psychologist. Any invention has both positive and negative sides but plastic surgery addiction would cause more harm to the body compared to the benefits associated with it. For instance, it can damage the skin and muscle tissue of an individual permanently. Another well-known harm caused by plastic surgery addiction is the permanent nerve damage. This may result to permanent loss of feeling and sensation in all the affected areas of an individual who have undergone plastic surgery repeatedly. Many individuals who undergo plastic surgery repeatedly to perfect their physical appearances in most cases end up with irreversible damage that make them look awful compared to their original appearances. Plastic surgery addiction cause more harm to the physical appearance of people with BDD instead of enhancing it. People suffering from BDD undergo plastic surgery so that they can attract attention from the public. They later regret when things go wrong. This is an indication that it should be discouraged and people suffering from BDD should be referred to a Psychiatrist or psychologist instead of a surgeon. Plastic surgery is not cost friendly at all. The operation is very expensive and its outcomes are sometimes not worth the price. What the addicted victims fail to understand is that, plastic surgery operation can only result to two things. That is, a great success or a failure. This means that, the more operations you undergo, the higher the risk of failure (Pruitt, 2009). Many individuals who are addicted to plastic surgery are attracted by what they see in the media. They watch successful surgeries of famous celebrities and think that it might as well work on. This is not usually the case and the individuals we watch on the media having successful surgeries sometimes develop problems at a later date. Plastic surgery addiction is very different from drugs and other things addiction in that it fulfills people physiological needs. Therefore, it is normally difficult for individuals who are not satisfied with their physical appearance to stop plastic surgery. This is something they are viewing in the mirror now and then. If they are not satisfied with what they see, they will definitely run to a surgeon so that the body part they feel is not well placed can be rectified. The problem with such an individual is that he/she is likely not to be satisfied with many body parts. Thus, resulting to a series of plastic surgeries so as to be satisfied with his/her physical appearance. In my opinion, I would only recommend plastic surgery to individuals who have a medical problem. I would never encourage cosmetic surgery because it is doing more harm than enhancing appearance of individuals who are undertaking it. Most people who are addicted to cosmetic surgeries perceive themselves in the wrong manner. They normally have their imaginary images on their minds which they think they can turn to after the operation. This normally does not happen and that is why they undergo so many operations before they realize they are destroying their images. Plastic surgery should only be carried out under medical conditions not for pleasure. Pictures are all over the internet showing how plastic surgery addiction has caused a number of celebrities to lose their good looks. Cosmetic surgery is not good at all because it has not worked well for people who have done it. They are suffering from negative impacts of plastic surgery addiction. It should be therefore be discouraged unless under medical conditions. Conclusion Plastic surgery is not bad if it is used for solving a medical condition. However, having a plastic surgery for beauty purposes or look young should be discouraged by all means. It should be discouraged because it might possibly lead to addiction. Physicians as well as public awareness concerning BDD should be increased to control the unnecessary plastic surgeries. Doctors should also try their best to identify troubled patients so that they can direct them to psychologist or psychiatrist who can advise them. There are other treatments other than surgeries which can help people who have problems with their physical appearance. Psychologist and psychiatrists can really assist individuals with plastic surgeries addiction. The only problem to the control of this addiction is that cosmetic and plastic surgery is so accessible and doctors have not provided a regulation on the number of surgeries an individual should undergo in a given period.

Tribute to Matt Stone :: Comedy Scripts Comedians Essays

Tribute to Matt Stone Episode 201 - Not Without My Anus Icons provided by Christopher Pirillo at Just South of South Park AdvertFXApplet provided by Secret Sid South Park Announcer:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Since the last South Park you've waited four long weeks to find out who the father of Eric Cartman is. Now, finally, the shocking truth about Cartman's lineage will not be seen tonight so we can bring you the following special presentation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  [Honk] HBC Announcer:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Now, get ready for Canada's hottest action stars. Terrance and Phillip in the HBC Movie of the Week, Not Without My Anus, based on a true story.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  [Canadian Courthouse - 10:18 A.M.] Scott:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ladies and gentlemen, before you today sits a murderer. On the night in question, this monster entered the home of Dr. Jeffrey O'Dwyer, and struck him repeatedly in the head with this hammer. That monster is sitting right over there, and his name is Terrance.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  [Dramatic Music]   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  [Fart] Phillip:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Uh, Terrance, you farted in court. Terrance:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Yes Phillip, I'm making a case for our defense.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  [Laughter] Scott:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  All of these things link Terrance to the murder: hair fibers, blood samples, nail clippings, a piece of his shirt   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Terrance looks about confused. Scott:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A watch with his initials on it, a day planner with the murder scheduled, a haiku called "Time to Kill Dr. Jeffrey O'Dwyer." "Dr. O'Dwyer, time to have your head smashed in, with my new hammer." Terrance, you may be a famous surgeon, but you're not God. Je accuse Terrance. Terrance:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Would you like a monkey claw Phillip? Phillip:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Yes please.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  [Fart]   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  [Laughter] Terrance:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  That's called the monkey claw cause it feels like my colon is being ripped apart by a thousand monkeys. Phillip:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The monkey claw is smelly.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Judge hammers her gavel. Judge:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Come on, get a move-on, I ain't getting a younger up here. Phillip:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  My sentiments exactly Your Honor. I see from your accent that you're Southern Canadian. Judge:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  That is correct. Phillip:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Good people of the jury, my client Terrance is an innocent man.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  [Fart] Terrance:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Oh ho, Phillip, now you farted during the closing argument. Phillip:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I have, haven't I Terrance.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  [Fart]   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  [Laughter] Scott:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Your Honor, the defense is trying to make a mockery of this court. They think farts are funny, but they're not. Judge:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sustained. Phillip:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Good people of the jury, my client Terrance is no more a murderer than you or me. He loves puppies and hates mean things. Would a murderer go to the zoo and feed animals like this?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Phillip shows the jury of Terrance with a llama. Phillip:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Of course not. So, in summation, find Terrance innocent, or else he'll kill you.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  [Gasp]   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  [Laughter] Phillip:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Just kidding. The defense rests.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Terrance pounds his fist on the table as he laughs uncontrollably.